Heart Disease & Cholesterol

What is heart disease?

Heart disease typically develops over time due to a combination of factors, including lifestyle choices, genetics, and underlying health conditions. Here's a simplified breakdown of how it can develop:

• Atherosclerosis: One of the primary mechanisms behind many types of heart disease is atherosclerosis, a condition where fatty deposits called plaques build up inside the arteries. These plaques can narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle.

• Risk Factors: Certain risk factors can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and other forms of heart disease. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.

• Endothelial Damage: The inner lining of the arteries, called the endothelium, can become damaged due to factors like high blood pressure, smoking, or high levels of glucose in the blood. This damage can allow cholesterol and other substances to accumulate in the arterial walls, initiating the formation of plaques.

• Plaque Formation: Over time, these fatty deposits can grow larger, narrowing the arteries and restricting blood flow to the heart. In some cases, the plaques can rupture, leading to the formation of blood clots that can block blood flow completely, causing a heart attack or stroke.

• Other Factors: Other factors, such as inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and genetic predispositions, can also contribute to the development of heart disease. Additionally, certain lifestyle choices, such as a diet high in saturated fats and processed foods, lack of physical activity, and chronic stress, can exacerbate the underlying risk factors.

What role does cholesterol have in heart disease?

Cholesterol plays a crucial role in heart disease as it is a waxy, fat-like substance produced by the liver and also found in certain foods. While the liver typically makes sufficient cholesterol for the body's needs, our diet often contributes additional amounts. When we consume more cholesterol than the body requires, it builds within the arterial walls. This build-up leads to a condition known as atherosclerosis, characterized by the narrowing of arteries and reduced blood flow to vital organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys.

Making dietary adjustments can significantly aid in managing cholesterol levels. Incorporating foods rich in fiber, such as apples, lentils, avocados, and oats, can help in flushing out excess cholesterol from the body. Additionally, regular physical activity and exercise play pivotal roles in both lowering and maintaining healthy cholesterol levels.

By understanding the role of cholesterol and adopting lifestyle changes like a balanced diet and exercise regimen, individuals can proactively manage their cholesterol levels and mitigate the risk of heart disease.

Did you know there is a "good" and "bad" type of cholesterol?

Bad cholesterol, also known as LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, can build up in the walls of arteries, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of blood vessels. This can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. Bad cholesterol is found in foods high in saturated and trans fats, such as red meat, full-fat dairy products, fried foods, and processed snacks like chips and pastries.

Good cholesterol, or HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream, transporting it to the liver where it can be processed and eliminated from the body. Higher levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a lower risk of heart disease. Good cholesterol is found in foods such as fatty fish (like salmon and mackerel), nuts (like almonds and walnuts), avocados, and olive oil.

How can I check my cholesterol and assess my overall heart health?

High blood cholesterol typically presents no noticeable symptoms, underscoring the importance of regular cholesterol screenings. A lipid profile, a simple blood test conducted by healthcare professionals, can assess cholesterol levels and provide crucial insights into one's cardiovascular health. To take a proactive step towards understanding your heart health, and reach out to your Primary Care Provider or contact the Jemez Comprehensive Health Clinic by calling 575-834-7413. They can assist you in scheduling an appointment and guide you through the process of obtaining a lipid profile.